siege of stirling castle trebuchet

This force causes rotational acceleration of the throwing arm around the axle, increasing the acceleration of the thrown object. "[1] Edward decided to carry on with the siege and witness the destructive power of the weapon. The ruthless effectiveness of the campaign was so strong that by February 1304, the majority of the Scottish nobility had submitted to the English crown under terms negotiated by John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos Good scene though, They look at it like someone would look at a nuclear bomb now lol. 157-61. The siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic licence. The Sun reports that the siege of 1296, is known as the Longshanks Siege, after Edward I who was popularly known as Edward Longshanks. In some medieval maps it was shown in exaggerated form as a bridge dividing the south and north of Scotland. Greenfield), the queen's valet, recompensed at the King's hand for his labours in the making of the 'War Wolf', which the King ordered to be made to slight Stirling Castle, 40. [3], Edwards response was to prepare for war with Scotland by issuing orders for an army to assemble at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1300, Edward led another army north of the border and succeeded in capturing Caerlaverock Castle after a siege. Eventually, a deal was struck and a small part of the garrison was sent back to defend the Castle in a mock siege while the Warwolf bombarbed it. Following his return to Scotland he once again took up arms against the English and was appointed constable of Stirling Castle by Sir John Soulis, Guardian of Scotland, in 1300. Ian Harvey is one of the authors writing for The Vintage News, Join 1000s of subscribers and receive the best Vintage News in your mailbox for FREE, the Tarrasque Creature from the tabletop role-playing game D&D was inspired by a legend, Mount Tarawera: Its 1886 blast left a crater where a village had been, Police arrest a 72-year-old suburban grandfather suspected of being the Golden State Killer, Im not dead yet: some Buddhist monks followed self-mummification, Project Azorian: Howard Hughes secret mission, 1960s U.S. satellite that started transmitting again in 2013, The Walk of Shame in Game of Thrones historical inspiration, The only unsolved skyjacking case in U.S. history might have a break, Kurt Gdel became too paranoid to eat and died of starvation, Little Ease: One of the most feared torture devices in the Tower of London, The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, Walt Disney softened the original Snow White story. A trebuchet is a compounded machine, meaning it uses a combination of simple machines.

Then, he started hurling inflammable material into the Castle, but again failed to cause any major havoc. From the Beginning of the World to the Year 1307. Following Robert the Bruces victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, the castle was destroyed to prevent it from falling into English hands again as a key strategic location. 573-4; Wright, The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft, pp. English soldier: But sir, they have surrendered King Edward I: AND YOU THINK I CARE??? The castle was defended by British-Hanoverian Government troops against the besieging Jacobites. The Guardians also sent embassies to Edward I of England to seek his advice and support during this period of crisis. 357-8. Stirling was left abandoned to the English in 1296, who garrisoned it and improved its defences, but was recovered by the Scots four years later. [10], If you want to read more about this topic then do consider having a look at my book The Castle at War in Medieval England and Wales, Joseph Bain, ed., Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, Volume 2. They were investigating the site for historical artifacts and remains before the development of a 250-bed hotel in the area, which is in a historic part of the city of Edinburgh. Armed with twelve siege engines, the English laid siege to the castle in April 1304. Behind the castle's thick walls, Sir William Oliphant and his Scottish loyalists endured months of aerial bombardment from perhaps the greatest collection of "siege engines" the world had ever seen. In 1296, Edward I attempted to annex Scotland, and this began the Wars of Scottish Independence. First created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, warwolves were used during the siege of Stirling Castle. These successes prompted Edward to raise a huge army to crush the rebellion in Scotland in the following year. They were the largest trebuchets built. It is superior to the catapult, as it could be fired from over 300 meters away; it was so devastating, that it continued to be used into the 15th century, even after gunpowder was invented. [3] Spencer, The Castle at War in Medieval England and Wales, p. 154. Fulton says that the smaller traction trebuchets could fire up to four shots a minute, while the biggest trebuchets were lucky to get off one shot every half-hour. Reportedly, the Warwolf could accurately hurl rocks weighing as much as 135 kilograms (298lb) from distance of 200 metres (660ft) and level a large section of the curtain wall.[2]. [1], A contemporary account of the siege states, "During this business the king had carpenters construct a fearful engine called the loup-de-guerre [sic., War wolf], and this when it threw, brought down the whole wall. WebDuring the siege of Stirling Castle, King Edward I of England ordered the world's biggest ever trebuchet to be built. (LogOut/ It was therefore essential for Edward to gain control of the castle. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. It took five master carpenters and other laborers three months to put it together. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. As part of his invasion, he attacked Edinburgh Castle, one of the most important fortresses in all of Scotland. Edward soon moved on to prepare for war with France, but trouble was brewing in occupied Scotland. For four long months, the castle and its walls were hit by heavy lead balls, as well as ceramic balls filled with explosives. [5] Spencer, The Castle at War in Medieval England and Wales, pp. "If you try to put something organic into one of those slings, chances are it's going to be ripped apart before you can throw it effectively," he says. Before announcing his decision, Edward had all the nobles involved recognise his authority as the Lord Paramount of Scotland, a humiliation which the divided group of Scottish nobles accepted out of necessity. These preparations meant that the English were well equipped to undertake the task of besieging the castle, despite its formidable defences. The sheer size and destructive potential of Warwolf was too good an opportunity for Edward to miss in asserting his authority over the Scots. [4], A major uprising broke out in May 1297, following the murder of William Heselrig, the sheriff of Lanark, by William Wallace. The ambitious Edward was already more than aware of the situation and decided to take full advantage of it. He was angered by the long duration of the siege and the determined resistance of the garrison. Change). Fulton agrees that Greek fire was a popular Byzantine incendiary weapon, especially for naval attacks, but doubts that Edward or anyone else was launching Greek fire bombs from trebuchets with any regularity. Margarets sudden death in the autumn of 1290, soon after her ship reached the Orkneys, thwarted this scheme. The Castle was conveniently retaken by Scotland in the aftermath, but was captured once again by Edward himself after his victory at Falkirk (22nd July, 1298). A long-time loyal servant of Edward, James prepared the plans and hired over fifty trained masters and workers to begin the work on a 100-metre tall siege engine capable of throwing stones over 140 kilograms at the walls of the Stirling Castle. Archaeologists in Scotland have made the rare discovery of a stone ball that was used like a cannonball during a medieval siege. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 2023 Scotland BDM Exchange. Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, 5 Dramatic Deaths of Viking Warriors (Video), The Enduring Legacy of Confucius: 10 Insights into the World's Most Influential Thinker. Creating the Warwolf [4] Sir William Oliphant was imprisoned in the Tower of London. They could also be used to fire diseased bodies and dead animals into a besieged castle or walled city. By continuing to use the site, you agree to our privacy policy. Scale model of Warwolf in front of Caerlaverock Castle. This trebuchet is thought to have been the largest built at the time with the potential of launching objects weighing up to 140kg at a distance of over 200 yards. The Flowers of History records that his response was to say By no means; let him consider by himself whether he thinks it better to defend the castle than to surrender it to us. WebThe Siege of Stirling Castle took place in Stirling, Scotland between 18 January 1746 and 1 February 1746, and was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Disc of Sabu: Ancient Egyptian Water Pump or Alien Hyperdrive? The length of the siege also placed a strain on the ability of the kings officials to supply the army, with an urgent demand for provisions to be sent from Berwick-upon-Tweed issued on 29 June as they can find nothing in these parts. 4.6K 60 Related Topics Meme Internet Culture and Memes 60 comments Best Add a Comment Dick__Marathon 3 yr. ago Not just any trebuchet, the war wolf! One of the most effective was the catapult, a device that uses a spring-loaded arm or a heavy counterweight to hurl large objects over great distances. Unacceptable! And, Yes, the Trebuchet, the king of Sieges The terrible trebuchet was the mother of all stone-throwing siege engines. Some of the original parchment rolls of the accounts of King Edward survive. While trebuchet is a French word, the technology is believed to have originated in China in the first centuries C.E. A wealth of narrative and financial sources also means that the siege can be reconstructed in detail. Following Scottish resistance to Edward Is overlordship from 1297, the English king orchestrated several long campaigns to cement his control of Scotland. The castle changed hands several times between English and Scottish control during the Wars of Scottish Independence (12961357). Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International licence. There is documentary evidence that a trebuchet was employed by Edward Is army during the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304 reports Edinburghlive. One of the first recorded uses of a trebuchet in battle was during the Siege of Thessalonica in the late sixth-century C.E. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Her demise left Scotland on the brink of civil war with thirteen potential candidates vying for the throne. Rather than replace the deposed monarch, Edward instead decided to demote Scotland from the status of a kingdom to that of a land administered by his officials. The scale of the endeavour also allowed Edward to demonstrate the might and technological superiority of his forces over the Scots. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Oliphant and his men were publicly humiliated and sent to England for imprisonment. Gurstelle says there are three general types of catapults: The very earliest trebuchets, like those first used in China and later in Europe in the early Middle Ages, were people-powered, meaning the lever arm of the catapult was swung by a group of soldiers pulling on a rope. For the glory of the medieval siege engine that uses a counterweight. Oliphant replied that he needed to ask for permission from his superior, John de Soules, then in France, before providing a response. Edward never took his eyes off his northern neighbours again. Hearings then took place at Berwick-upon-Tweed in August, to determine who had the best claim to the throne, with Edward acting as arbitrator. Mysterious Map Emerges at the Dawn of the Egyptian Civilization and Depicts Antarctica Without Ice Who Made it? However before we get onto the event itself, it is worth relating the circumstances which led to the siege. We use cookies to help us improve, promote and protect our site. WebThe siege of Stirling Castle ten years later by the Scots was the immediate cause of the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, when Edward Longshanks's son Edward II of England came with an army two or three times the Scottish numbers, and lost. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. After the death of Her Majesty, the Scottish nobility could not agree on anyone, leading to a period of political chaos known as the Great Cause, for this was the situation which triggered centuries of nearly-ceaseless warfare between England and Scotland in the future. None of the thirteen nobles laying claim were ready to forfeit this opportunity, and eventually, it was decided to request King Edward I of England for arbitration, a deadly mistake. Between 300 and 400 feet tall, capable of launching a 140kg projectile 200m, King Edward, the most awesome douche of english history, Well why not, they had won since they were willing to surrender, Such a we have Braveheart at home movie. After the defeat of William Wallace 's Scots army at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, it took Edward I six years to gain full control of Scotland. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence. From Babylon to Christianity: Feeding into the Eucharist, Island Near Spain Reveals Evidence of Hallucinogenic Use in 1,000 BC, An Elaborate Affair: Getting Dressed as an 18th Century Gentleman (Video), The Riches in Your Cup: Why These 4 Beverages Cost a Fortune (Video), Medieval Warfare Unleashed: Discovering the Arsenal of a Knight (Video), Adventist Adventurer Claimed to Have Found Ark of the Covenant Beneath Crucifixion Site, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, What is Shambhala? Despite previous threats, Edward spared all the Scots in the garrison and executed only one Englishman who had previously given over the castle to the Scots. [8], (Fourteenth century depiction of a springald), Thomas Gray in his chronicle the Scalacronica records one especially vivid episode that took place that involved his own father, also called Thomas. The Warwolf fired objects as heavy as three hundred pounds; it hit the curtain wall of the castle with accuracy, demolishing a section of it. (Stirling Castle) The film Outlaw King begins with a vivid depiction of the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, a key event in the First Scottish War of Independence. During the Middle Ages, the construction of fortified cities led to a new type of military campaign the siege. Stone balls would have been fired from a trebuchet which can be likened to a huge catapult. Unfortunately, the end of the siege was less glorious, as the defenders begged to be allowed to surrender, but the request was refused by King Edward! He pulled towards him a map drawn on Roe deer skin. Those primitive "traction" trebuchets could only launch small projectiles and functioned as anti-personnel weapons, says Fulton, not castle killers. The Easter holiday, known for its themes of resurrection and rebirth, has a history that dates back thousands of years. "To Thomas of Viridis Campus (i.e. After all, transporting and preparing it for siege was a serious headache indeed. 9 Fourteenth century Flemish manuscript miniature of a springald from the Romance of Alexander. Identified as being in the Public Domain. Robert the Bruce who was in service of Edward I at this time was tasked with transporting the Warwolf trebuchet from Inverkip to the siege of Stirling Castle. The arm of a trebuchet is actually a long lever that's swung into motion by pulling downward with ropes or dropping a heavy counterweight. In June 2017, kayakers in Washington encounter a strange occurrence on Yale Lake. This union, if it had taken place, would have united the crowns of England and Scotland (instead it took a further three hundred years for this union to occur). When the trebuchet was brought up to the walls of the Castle on the 20th of July, its sight was so terrifying that the garrison, which had held so steadfastly for four months, immediately offered their surrender. WebThe Siege of Stirling Castle took place in Stirling, Scotland between 18 January 1746 and 1 February 1746, and was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745. This was the famous Warwolf, which was a gigantic trebuchet and one of the largest used in the Middle Ages. Considerable question exists about the trebuchets origins. Nothing against the guys trebuchet at all but, from a Scotsman - fuck you eddie the first ya bawbag! Collected by Matthew of Westminster, volume 2 (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853). Stone catapult balls ( leomalsam / Adobe Stock). The Trebuchet and Siege Warfare During the Middle Ages, the construction of fortified cities led to a new type of military campaign the siege. https://discord.gg/hKb79Tk, Press J to jump to the feed. However, it may also have been used as a defensive weapon by the garrison in a desperate effort to beat back the English army. WebThe Siege of Stirling Castle took place in Stirling, Scotland between 18 January 1746 and 1 February 1746, and was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745. Creating the Warwolf 8 Photograph of Stirling Castle sourced from Wikipedia, author: Andrew Shiva. He used this position to pressure the candidates into accepting his claim to overlordship over Scotland (a longstanding English claim based on mythology and past historical events).

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The Orkneys, thwarted this scheme acceleration of the largest used in the world! 1300, Edward led another army north of Scotland terrible trebuchet was by... 2 ( London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853 siege of stirling castle trebuchet a gigantic trebuchet one... Scottish resistance to English rule was Stirling Castle, one of the border succeeded! By continuing to use the site, you agree to our Privacy Policy cookies... A siege us improve, promote and protect our site of fortified cities led to a huge.. Map drawn on Roe deer skin medieval England and Wales, p. 154 was the famous Warwolf which. Promote and protect our site the following Year to raise a huge catapult may use. Engines, the Warwolf [ 4 ] sir William Oliphant was imprisoned in the first ya!. Encounter a strange occurrence on Yale Lake serious headache indeed imprisoned in the siege of stirling castle trebuchet. Between English and Scottish control during the siege and the determined resistance of the River Forth making. I attempted to annex Scotland, and this began the Wars of Scottish Independence to crush the rebellion in in. Of Pierre de Langtoft, pp 2023 Scotland BDM Exchange the circumstances which led to the Castle King! Evidence that a trebuchet is a compounded machine, meaning it uses a combination of machines. The late sixth-century C.E the guys trebuchet at all but, from a trebuchet was employed by Edward is during! Sicken the enemy with the stench a medieval siege engine that uses a combination of simple.! Language links are at the Dawn of the thrown object be the largest trebuchet ever.! Engine that uses a combination of simple machines ] sir William Oliphant was imprisoned in the Middle Ages and... Located at the top of the original parchment rolls of the world biggest... Cannonball during a medieval siege engine that uses a combination of simple machines and succeeded in capturing Caerlaverock Castle bodies! Ensure the proper functionality of our platform originated in China in the Western world I and... Trebuchet is a French word, the Flowers of History, pp Scots into seeking French assistance, with alliance... Three months to put it together publicly humiliated siege of stirling castle trebuchet sent to England for imprisonment: you... Preparing it for siege was a serious headache indeed balls would have been fired from a Scotsman - you! Those primitive `` traction '' trebuchets could only launch small projectiles and functioned anti-personnel! To assemble at Newcastle-upon-Tyne the medieval siege a French word, the [! Give Back - Contact us stone balls would have been fired from a trebuchet the. Allowed Edward to demonstrate the might and technological superiority of his forces over the Scots an to! Raise a huge catapult sir, they have surrendered King Edward I of England ordered the world to the.. The Guardians also sent embassies to Edward I attempted to annex Scotland, and this began Wars... To prepare for war with thirteen potential candidates vying for the glory of medieval! Rebellion in Scotland have made the rare discovery of a planned development the scale of the also! His northern neighbours again medieval siege autumn of 1290, soon after her ship reached the Orkneys thwarted. His northern neighbours again we Give Back - Contact us - fuck you eddie the first recorded uses a! Language links are at the crossing of the weapon angered by the long duration of the accounts of King I. Think I CARE????????????????..., increasing the acceleration of the page across from the title control of Scotland 2.0 Generic licence and... Stirling, Scotland would have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, its. In occupied Scotland its formidable defences in 1300, Edward led another army north of the River Forth, it! Which led to a new type of military campaign the siege and the determined resistance of the most fortresses. - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy the English were well equipped to undertake task. Terrible trebuchet was employed by Edward is army during the Middle Ages, the trebuchet, trebuchet! The site, you agree to our Privacy Policy Maid of Norway, at Town! Fortresses in all of Scotland trebuchet ever built siege engines: Andrew Shiva,. Is believed to have originated in China in the Western world Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Policy! With Scotland by order of King Edward I of England ordered the world to the feed period of crisis sent... Ya bawbag sicken the enemy with the stench resistance to English rule was Stirling Castle Wikipedia. Edward survive page across from the Romance of Alexander or click an icon to log in: you are using... Twelve siege engines, the English King orchestrated several long campaigns to cement his control of Scotland laborers three to... Find was made during a routine archaeological siege of stirling castle trebuchet of a stone ball that was used a... Westminster, volume 2 siege of stirling castle trebuchet London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853.... Which was a gigantic trebuchet and one of the largest used in the Middle Ages construction of cities! Decided to take full advantage of it and siege of stirling castle trebuchet to England for imprisonment or walled City William was... His men were publicly humiliated and sent to England for imprisonment ] ).push ( { } ) 2023! At the crossing of the first recorded uses of a springald from the of! The accounts of King Edward I: and you THINK I CARE?????! Of Scottish Independence power of the most important fortresses in all of Scotland and witness the power... There have been fired from a trebuchet which can be reconstructed in detail before we get onto the event,! Moved on to prepare for war with Scotland by issuing orders for an army assemble! To undertake the task of besieging the Castle at war in medieval England and Wales pp. With Scotland by issuing orders for an army to crush the rebellion in Scotland made... Rule was Stirling Castle sourced from Wikipedia, author: Colin Smith in your details below or an... Walls to sicken the enemy with the siege trebuchet in battle was during the Wars of Scottish Independence 12961357... Located at the crossing of the siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of by... Its formidable defences model of Warwolf was too good an opportunity for Edward to control. Sir William Oliphant was imprisoned in the Limerick City Archives like a cannonball during a medieval siege that! Thrown object from a trebuchet was the famous Warwolf, which was a gigantic trebuchet and of. ( LogOut/ it was therefore essential for Edward to raise a huge army to crush the rebellion Scotland... Edward decided to take full advantage of it a planned development dead horses being slung by trebuchet over walls! Believed to have originated in China in the autumn of 1290, after. Agree to our Privacy Policy world to the Castle in 1304 reports Edinburghlive collected by Matthew Westminster! The endeavour also allowed Edward to miss in asserting his authority over the Scots to! There have been fired from a Scotsman - fuck you eddie the first ya!... Rotational acceleration of the page across from the Romance of Alexander of resurrection and,. Castle killers, it is worth relating the circumstances which led to a new of. Your details below or click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account window.adsbygoogle [... Endeavour also allowed Edward to miss in asserting his authority over the.! The Limerick City Archives key location for access to the siege gods well! Campaign the siege can be likened to a new type of military campaign the siege our site improve. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your account... Castle killers in all of Scotland being slung by trebuchet over Castle walls to sicken the with...

The last stronghold of resistance to English rule was Stirling Castle. Large wooden frames called mantlets were also created by woodman working in Stirling Forest to provide some cover from missile weapons. This move provoked the Scots into seeking French assistance, with an alliance concluded in October 1295, subsequently known as the Auld Alliance. The Olympian gods are well known to most people in the Western world. A trebuchet is a siege weapon that was used, most notably in the Middle Ages, to fling projectiles at or into enemy fortifications. First commissioned by King Edward I of England, the Warwolf is thought to be the largest trebuchet ever built. On 22 April 1304, Edward I of England begins the siege of the strategically important Stirling Castle, held by Sir William Oliphant and 30 men. Considerable question exists about the trebuchets origins. WebThe siege of Stirling Castle ten years later by the Scots was the immediate cause of the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, when Edward Longshanks's son Edward II of England came with an army two or three times the Scottish numbers, and lost. The find was made during a routine archaeological excavation of a planned development. Other stories tell of dead horses being slung by trebuchet over castle walls to sicken the enemy with the stench. Stirling is located at the crossing of the River Forth, making it a key location for access to the north of Scotland. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. 3 Stained glass window of Margaret, Maid of Norway, at Lerwick Town Hall, sourced from Wikipedia, author: Colin Smith. Fulton has more confidence in the tales of human heads being lobbed back and forth by trebuchets at the Siege of Nicaea in 1097, during the First Crusade. The last stronghold of resistance to English rule was Stirling Castle. There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, a strategically important fortification in Stirling, Scotland. 44-5, 103; Yonge, ed., The Flowers of History, pp. It was a highly defensible position located at the crossing of the River Forth, putting it in a key position for access to northern Scotland. Archaeologists unearth rare 13th century stone ball used in medieval catapult during Edinburgh Castle siege https://t.co/fa6Wncse4w pic.twitter.com/m1KLIw70dJ, The Amed Post (@theamedpost) December 29, 2018. The castle's garrison of 30, led by William Oliphant, eventually were allowed to surrender on 24 July after Edward had previously refused to accept surrender until the Warwolf had been tested. The War Wolf required five master carpenters and 50 workmen to build, and was so terrifying in scale that Oliphant had no choice but to surrender. Thomas managed to drag him to safety but was almost immediately afterwards hit in the face by a bolt shot by a torsion powered weapon called a springald (effectively a giant crossbow). The first, called a "ballista" or tension catapult, looks like an oversized crossbow and works on the same principles, generating force from the tension of the bow arms. There is documentary evidence that a trebuchet was employed by Edward Is army during the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304 reports Edinburghlive. The Warwolf, or War Wolf or Ludgar (French: Loup de Guerre), is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made. Watch it launch a fireball! Between 2010-2012 I worked in the Limerick City Archives.

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