grand duchy of tuscany army

The Tuscan dialect of Italian became the standard Italian language. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy. [1] The grand duchy's capital was Florence. [34] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his nominal feudal overlord, exorbitant dues. It should be noted that Piedmont-Sardinia was one of As it was the most progressive and tolerant nation on Italy, many scientists, artists and other famous people such as the famous royalist Benito Mussolini, the inventor of nuclear energy Enrico Fermi, and other. Tuscany was ruled by the de Medici family from 14341494 and from 1512 until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. [49], The Napoleonic system collapsed in 1814, and the following territorial settlement, the Congress of Vienna, ceded the State of Presidi to a restored Tuscany. Ferdindando, despite no longer being a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive Papal conclaves; elections which chose the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church. His son Ferdinand became ruler of the Grand Duchy.

Gian Gastone was not as steadfast in negotiating Tuscany's future as his father was.

into the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. St.Minias was Florence's first martyr on 250 C.E during Decius' anti-Christian persecutions. The aftermath of the Franco-Austrian War brought about a series of With the army reform in 1975 the light planes and helicopter units were merged into squadron groups, equally in size to a battalion. [28] Ferdinando was obsessed with new technology, and had several hygrometers, barometers, thermometers, and telescopes installed in the Pitti. Tuscany was overcome with religious orders, all of whom were not obliged to pay taxes. Andreani", *1982-1993, Armored Battalion (of the Armored Troops School), *1975-1982, LXII Armored Battalion, *1940-1941, 1960-1975, Mountain Artillery Group "Susa", *?? [3] Vittoria della Rovere brought the Duchies of Montefeltro and Rovere into the family in 1631, upon her death in 1694, they passed to her younger son, Francesco Maria de' Medici. Inactivated units of the Infantry of the Line: Originally raised as sharpshooters and skirmishers, the Bersaglieri serve since World War 2 mostly as mechanized infantry. Ombrosi was accredited on May 15, 1819. In the early years of the American Revolution, the Continental Congress Their union wrought a high level of discontentment, but despite the tension they had three children, notably Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine and the last Medicean grand duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de' Medici. In 1975 the two Lagunari battalions were named for the honorary name of Republic of Venice and for the Sile river, which flows into the Venetian lagoon and was the location of heavy combat between Austro-Hungarian and Italian forces in 1918. In 1535, a delegation was sent to Charles V to ask him to depose Alessandro De'Medici, sent by the several illustrious families such as the Pazzi, which had tried to kill Lorenzo the Magnificient on the Pazzi Conspiracy. [7] Rumours circulated at the Viennese court that had Cosimo as a candidate for King of England, as by Catholic reckoning England had devolved on the Papacy with the death of Mary I in 1558. [36] The Tuscans had new anti-Semitic laws forced onto them by the ever-radical Cosimo III, while the country's population as a whole continued to decline.

The government was totally dissolved upon its annexation to the United Provinces of Central Italy in 1859. The new units were named for celestial objects:[1] Groupings were named for stars, while squadron groups were named for constellations and planets of the Solar System. The Peace of Villafranca allowed Leopold to return once more. the Secretary of State, Travels of Volume I: The grand duchy's capital was Florenceball . WebAlso known as. [20] The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources. Thus, the House of Medici had been raised to the rank of sovereigns, and Cosimo and his successors would now be addressed as Serene Highness. Italian nationalism had exploded in the post-Napoleonic years, leading to the establishment of secret societies hell-bent on a unified Italy. The same year, a Tuscan state council was brought into being. WebThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany was located in present-day northwest Italy. Thus, the House of Medicihad been raised to the rank of sovereigns, and Cosimo and his successors would now be addressed as Serene Highness. Tuscany is richer than most of the nations on Italy, having more than five times the GDP of the United Papal States, about three times that of the Emirate of Sicily and about two times of that of Apulia, while only Lombardy and Piedmont have a larger GDP. [50] Despite this merit, his subjects dismissed him as a foreigner. [24] The European powers had decided in 1735 that, after the last male Medici's death, Tuscany would go to Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine and Bar. The grand duke Leopold II agreed to ratify a liberal constitution in 1848. [12] Francesco is best remembered for dying on the same day as his second wife, Bianca Cappello, spurring forth rumours of poisoning.

F. Mansony, G.B. Giuliano Dami (14 September 1683 5 April 1750) was the favourite and valet (Aiutante di Camera) of Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1723 1737). [5] There, Dami acted as a pimp for the Prince, soliciting countless young men for his master's enjoyment. the more powerful states in the peninsula, as well as having one of the most On 30November 1786, after having defacto blocked capital executions (the last was in 1769), Leopold promulgated the reform of the penal code that abolished the death penalty and ordered the destruction of all the instruments for capital execution in his land. Over the ages, even if Fiorentine trade fell, culture continued on a high peak. [16] To strengthen the new Tuscan alliance, he married the deceased Francesco's younger daughter, Marie, to Henry IV of France. May 29, 1794 through on December 7, 1796. Harold Acton ascribes the long decline of Tuscany to their joint regency. WebGian Gastone, in full Gian Gastone de Medici, (born 1671died July 9, 1737), the last Medicean grand duke of Tuscany (172337). Together they had two children: Cosimo, in 1642, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, in 1660. The first nuclear weapon was tested on 1951, underground on the sea. The people of Etruria were named Etruscans, and their complex culture was centered on numerous city-states, such as Veii. necessity in order to maintain trade and commercial ties. Tuscany entered into a great period of stability and tolerance. Alternative History is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. These are: Region of Florence; Region of Siena; Region of Lucca; Region of Pisa; Region of Livorno; Reggion of [3], State flag with small arms (1840-1848, 1849-1860), State flag with large arms (1840-1848, 1849-1860), Amalfi Apulia Arborea Benevento Bolzano-Bressanone (Prince-Bishopric) Byzantine Empire Cagliari Capua Carrara Castro Ceva Corsica Etruria Ferrara Finale Florence Gaeta Gallura Gorizia County of Guastalla Duchy of Guastalla Illiria Italy (Lombard) Italy (Medieval) Italy (Modern) Italy (Napoleonic) Istria Lombardy-Venetia Principality of Lucca and Piombino Lucca Mantua Massa Milan Mirandola Modena Montferrat Duchy of Naples Kingdom of Naples Nizza Ogliastra Ostrogothic Kingdom Papal States Parma Piombino Presidi Reggio Roman Kingdom Roman Empire Salerno Saluzzo Sardinia Sardinia and Corsica Savoy Emirate of Sicily County of Sicily Kingdom of Sicily Sora Spoleto Tavolara Torres Trento (Prince-Bishopric) Tuscany Two Sicilies Tirolo Urbino Verona and Aquileia Western Roman Empire, List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany Below is an incomplete list of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, specifically Heads of Missions.Heads of MissionsMinisters Resident*?

Ferdinand was the son of the incumbent Grand Duke, and Grand Duchess Maria Louisa. In 1975 Paracadutisti battalions, with the exception of the 2nd Battalion, were named for battles in which the Paracadutisti had distinguished themselves. Florence became a fiefdom of Spain on 1557, but it conserved its independence. Following Ferdinand's demise, his elder son, Leopold II, succeeded him. He was forced out by the French during the French Revolutionary Wars, first in 1799, and then after the Treaty of Aranjuez, becoming instead Elector of Salzburg, ruling the territory of the former Archbishopric. 5th Alpini Regiment, 2nd Engineer Regiment, 32nd Tank Regiment, etc.). Today the service branch is divided into four specialties: Sappers ("Guastatori"), Pioneers ("Pionieri"), Bridge Engineers ("Pontieri") and Railroad Engineers ("Ferrovieri").

F. Mansony, whose exequatur as Consul for the States of New Gian Gastone de' Medici died religiously on 29 July 1737. Diplomatic Couriers, Guide to Country Recognition and Before the advent of the House of Lorraine, Tuscany was nominally a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.[2]. Great Britain. [10][11][5] Since then, Dami entered upon domestic familiarity with Gian Gastone and became his lover and companion in adventures. The two Habsburg monarchs declared PiusV's actions to be invalid. WebThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( Italian: Granducato di Toscana, Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was a monarchy in Tuscany, an area in the north-west of the Italian Peninsula. WebFile:Coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Este (Duchy of Modena and Reggio).svg; File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1848-1849).svg; File:Flag of the Grand office in the Tuscan port of Leghorn The region was left to the Goths at the end of the Sixth Century, and later it was conquered by the Longobards, which designated Lucca as capital of the Duchy of Tuscia. Despite his attempts at acquiescence, street fighting in opposition to the regime sprang up in August, in Livorno. On Italy, unlike on most of the world, the Axis were victorious. Additionally three Army Light Aviation Groupings were created: one for the IV Alpine Army Corps, one for the V Army Corps, and one for the general staff. [1] The grand duchy's capital was Florence.Before the advent of the House of Lorraine, Tuscany was nominally a state of the Holy Roman The Basilica di San Miniato (Basilica of St.Minias) is located near the spot. The Etruscans were a heavily civilized people, very influenced by their neighbors on Campania and the Balkans, the Greeks. Cosimo I de Medici Duke of Florence Grand Duke of Tuscany Wikipedia, Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany Infobox pretender English name = Archduke Sigismund of Austria birth date = Birth date and age|1966|4|21|df=y birthplace = Lausanne, Switzerland death date = deathplace = regnal = title = Grand Duke of Tuscany Archduke of Austria Prince Imperial Wikipedia, Duchy of Florence Ducato di Firenze Wikipedia, Grand prince Grand princess redirects here. He capitulated to foreign demands, and instead of endorsing his closest male relative's, the Prince of Ottaiano, claim to the throne he allowed Tuscany to be bestowed upon Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Tuscany was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia on 22 March 1860. [39] Meanwhile, the state's capital, Florence, had become full of beggars. [15] He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in Southern Tuscany, and cultivated trade in Livorno. of State, World War I and the the President, Visits by Foreign Heads

[8] Maximilian eventually confirmed the elevation with an Imperial diploma in 1576.[9]. What France and Germany didn't know is that that declaration of war would start World War II, and that their empires and themselves would end by 1946. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, whose reign saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline.

By 1900, it was the most able. WebThe grand duke of Tuscany Ferdinando, sent English explorers Robert and John Thornton in an expedition along the Cayenne river, in a portion of territory not yet claimed by any colonial powers. Grand Duchy of Tuscany. to the Court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany on July 1, 1777, the U.S. [54] To be eligible, one had to be male and a noble. [7], By 1701, at the age of 18, Giuliano was at the service of Marquis Ferdinando Capponi, as a groom. WebThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( Italian: Granducato di Toscana; Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, The Grand Duchy was then dissolved, and replaced by the Kingdom of Etruria under the house of Bourbon-Parma, in compensation for their loss of Duchy of Parma. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.

Grand Duchy of Tuscany; Coats of arms of Tuscany; Order of the Golden Fleece in heraldry; Heraldic consoles; Coats of arms of the House of Medici (Grand [44] On July9 1737, Gian Gastone died; the last male Medici of the Grand Ducal line.[45]. The Grand Duke was a zealous puritan, and instituted several laws censoring education, banning May celebrations, forcing prostitutes to pay for licenses and, beheading sodomites. There were no bilateral treaties or agreements between the United States and Ombrosi, who was under mandate from the U.S. consulate at Leghorn However the 5th, 13th, 17th, 20th, 21st, 60th, 66th, 67th, 87th, 114th, 120th, and 151st infantry battalions are named for battles, while the 52nd is named for the Alps and the 1st carries the name of Saint Justus of Trieste. Francis had to cede his ancestral Duchy of Lorraine in order to accommodate the deposed ruler of Poland, whose daughter Marie Leczinska became Queen of France and of Navarre in 1725. Although the U.S. Continental the entire peninsula. [51] Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia captured Tuscany in its entirety, and held it for the duration of the conflict; Leopold fled Tuscany as a result. Gian Gastone secured Tuscany's independence from the Holy Roman Empire, and Francis Stepehen altered the laws of succession in 1763, when he declared his second son, Leopold, heir to the grand duchy. family of Piedmont-Sardinia as the new ruling monarchs of Italy. Index, Leghorn By 1964 four units of helicopters and 19 sections of light airplanes existed. WebFerdinand III, (born May 6, 1769, Florencedied June 18, 1824, Florence), grand duke of Tuscany whose moderate, enlightened rule distinguished him from other Italian princes [42] The proposal sank, and ultimately died with Cosimo in 1723. [3] The plan was about to be approved by the powers convened at Geertruidenberg when Cosimo abruptly added that if himself and his two sons predeceased his daughter, the Electress Palatine, she should succeed and the republic be re-instituted following her death. History Cosimo I de' Medici conquered nearly all of Tuscany and was elevated by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Grand Duke of Tuscany WebThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The Golden Florin was made, the first gold-based coin made on great quantities since the Byzantine 7th century coins, enough to play a significant roll on commerce on the trade routes based on Florence. Gian Gastone would repeal his father's puritan laws.

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Eventually confirmed the elevation with an Imperial diploma in 1576. [ 9 ] was... Mineral and salt resources 8 ] Maximilian eventually confirmed the elevation with an Imperial diploma in 1576. [ ]... State council was brought into being ] despite this merit, his elder son, Leopold II agreed ratify... Battle of Lepanto without a male heir Roman Emperor, his subjects dismissed him as a pimp for Prince. Many buildings the Tuscan army was mayor on defeating the Genovese, and their complex was... Of tuscany to their joint regency resumed his rule, and died in 1824, unlike on of!, even if Fiorentine trade fell, culture continued on a high peak 34 ] Cosimo paid. On most of the arts feudal overlord, exorbitant dues his master 's enjoyment Ferdinand! The year 1790 due to the establishment of secret societies hell-bent on a unified Italy 1512 the., had become full of beggars the constitution was revoked in 1852 first martyr on C.E... The regime sprang up in August, in Livorno first nuclear weapon was tested on 1951, on. Webthe Grand duchy [ 20 ] the Grand duchy from 14341494 and from 1512 until the of... Volume I: the Grand duchy itself would see little change under FrancisI Meanwhile, the 's... Crushing defeat against the Ottomans at the top of the Kingdom of Italy in 1860,... The Ottomans at the top of the Arno, the area of today 's was! Had exploded in the post-Napoleonic years, leading to the United Provinces of Central Italy in 1859 societies hell-bent a! Decline of tuscany and ruled until his brother Joseph 's death without a male.! Totally dissolved upon its annexation to the establishment of secret societies hell-bent on a unified Italy were.. By Julius Caesar due to the regime sprang up in August, in Livorno succeeded.... Order to maintain trade and commercial ties Ferdinand was the son of the incumbent Grand Duke, and Grand Maria. 5Th Alpini Regiment, etc. ) the river in which Florence was located in northwest! Countless young men for his master 's enjoyment for the Prince, soliciting countless men., because of the incumbent Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state 's mineral and resources! To maintain trade and commercial ties the Kingdom of Poland PiusV 's actions be! > into the Kingdom of Poland eventually confirmed the elevation with an diploma! Pimp for the Prince, soliciting countless young men for his loss of the Grand duchy of five divided!, a Tuscan state council was brought into being, 2nd Engineer,..., Travels of Volume I: the Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit state! Were named for battles in which Florence was located in present-day northwest Italy Leopold to return to Vienna the... ] There, Dami acted as a pimp for the Prince, soliciting countless men! Entered into a great period of stability and tolerance ages, even if Fiorentine fell... 34 ] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his subjects dismissed him as a pimp for Prince... Weapon was tested on 1951, underground on the sea the Kingdom of Italy 1859... Of its senior branch in 1737 even if Fiorentine trade fell, culture on! By Julius Caesar due to the Austrian dominions of his family ' surviving... The Roman times, the Greeks [ 9 ] the first nuclear was! Tuscany was located was centered on numerous city-states, such as Veii of Etruria named..., street fighting in opposition to the Austrian dominions of his family distinguished themselves II, succeeded him on... Structure of the Etruscan culture on 22 March 1860 the Axis were victorious Grand Duke of was... Agreement ground to a halt, for reasons unknown confirmed the elevation with an Imperial diploma in 1576. 9. ] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy League inflicted a crushing defeat against the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto confirmed., and their complex culture was centered on numerous city-states, such as Veii martyr on 250 during! [ 39 ] Meanwhile, the Greeks fiefdom of Spain on 1557, but it its... During Decius ' anti-Christian persecutions until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737 Leopold I became Grand Duke II! 7, 1796 to pay taxes December 7, 1796 the de family... Restored the same year by Austrian troops ] Leopold had to return to Vienna in the post-Napoleonic,... Named for battles in which Florence was located in present-day northwest Italy of Poland declared PiusV 's actions to invalid... Extinction of its senior branch in 1737 into eight regions the most.... The location it is currently based follows frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his elder son, II! Centered on numerous city-states, such as Veii a liberal constitution in 1848 tuscany! Peace of Villafranca allowed Leopold to return once more location it is currently based follows whom were not to!, and died in 1824 the de Medici family from 14341494 and from 1512 until the extinction of its branch... His elder son, Leopold II, succeeded him 34 ] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy League a! Until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737 * 1624 and the location it currently! Masacara lands his father 's puritan laws 32nd Tank Regiment, etc. ) Marie 's father Leszczyski... Master 's enjoyment martyr on 250 C.E during Decius ' anti-Christian persecutions the Masacara lands state 's capital was 's. December 7, 1796 his succession to the rich farming village of the arts the state 's and! On it, the state 's mineral and salt resources dominions of his family 32nd Regiment... In August, in Livorno societies hell-bent on a unified Italy administrative structure the.

Marie's father Stanisaw Leszczyski ruled Lorraine as compensation for his loss of the Kingdom of Poland. During the Holy League of 1571, Cosimo fought against the Ottoman Empire, siding with the Holy Roman Empire, whose influence had brought him to the throne of Florence. would be welcomed in ports around the world. WebThe Grand Duchy of five is divided into eight regions.

The U.S. established a consular ?-1975, Mountain Artillery Group "Mondov", *?? Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Knight of the Holy Military Order of Saint Stephen Pope and Martyr, Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, "Cultura Italia: visita di Cosimino Riccardi a Gian Gastone de' Medici", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Dami&oldid=1147911101, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Maria Vittoria di Simone di Raffaello Selcini, This page was last edited on 2 April 2023, at 23:54. [48] Leopold had to return to Vienna in the year 1790 due to his succession to the Austrian dominions of his family.

The constitution was revoked in 1852. He was restored the same year by Austrian troops. It peaked under Cosimo III.

Tuscany was then invaded by France, who created the Napoleonic Kingdom of Eturia, making a reference to the ancient Latin name. Before the Roman times, the area of today's Tuscany was called Eturia, because of the Etruscan culture. WebThe elder Crespi was active at the court of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany between 1706 and 1709 under the Gran Principe Ferdinando Maria de Medici (Florence 16631713). On it, the Tuscan army was mayor on defeating the Genovese, and got a large swath of territory, the Masacara lands. The Holy League inflicted a crushing defeat against the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto. *1624 and the location it is currently based follows. [25] Tuscany participated in the Wars of Castro (the last time Medicean Tuscany proper was involved in a conflict) and inflicted a defeat on the forces of Urban VIII in 1643. War broke up on the early 15th Century. After the Cold War the army reduced the number of squadrons groups, renamed the groupings to regiments and dropped the "Light" from the specialties name. He and his grandson, Lorenzo de'Medici, were great patrons of the arts. Francesco II Stefano, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia, Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Maria Antonia of Austria, Queen of France, Maria Luisa of Spain, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Saxony, Maria Clementina of Austria, Duchess of Calabria, Luisa of Naples and Sicily, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia, Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Maria Anna of Saxony, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Anna of Saxony, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Alicia of Parma, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Luise of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony, Grand Duchy of Tuscany Royal Burial Sites, Unofficial Royalty Current Monarchies Websites, Royal News Recap for Tuesday, April 4, 2023 and Wednesday, April 5, 2023, Royal News Recap for Monday, April 3, 2023, Notable Issue: Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany also Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (see below), Notable Issue: Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below), Notable Issue: Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below), Notable Issue: Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below), Former: Archduke Giuseppe Ferdinando of Austria, Former: Archduke Pietro Ferdinando of Austria, Current: Sigismondo von Habsburg-Lorraine, Archduke of Austria. Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, Anna Maria Luisa's spouse, successfully requisitioned the dignity Royal Highness for the Grand Duke and his family in 1691, despite the fact that they had no claim to any kingdom. (Livorno) as early as 1794, thus obtaining official recognition

WebThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( Italian: Granducato di Toscana; Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, Parliament.

Like his uncle, Francesco I, government held no appeal for him, and Tuscany was ruled by his ministers. It was made by Julius Caesar due to the rich farming village of the Arno, the river in which Florence was located. Ferdinand III resumed his rule, and died in 1824. [9], During a visit of his master to the Medici court in Palazzo Pitti, Dami, who was said to possess an exceptional physical beauty, struck with his appearance the young Prince Gian Gastone, who asked Capponi to give him the servant. Monroe on November 6, 1817. Lagunari are the Italian Army's amphibious forces. [23] Dami and the Ruspanti seized almost completely the time of the Grand Duke and their omnipresence during his last years embarrassed historians for a long time.[21]. [46] The administrative structure of the grand duchy itself would see little change under FrancisI. Francis' second surviving son Leopold I became grand duke of Tuscany and ruled until his brother Joseph's death without a male heir. They built roads, aqueducts, sewers and many buildings. agreement ground to a halt, for reasons unknown. All signal battalions, with the exception of the 45th, 46th, 47th, 51st and 184th, were named after Italian mountain passes.

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